While the main focus of this field of research is on bilingualism, the subject of this study is the less known phenomenon of trilingualism. The case of monophthongs in Welsh and English,” Int. Mayr, R.,ĭisentangling the effects of long-term language contact and individual bilingualism. “Phonological convergence in a contracting language variety,” Biling. The vowel systems of Quichua-Spanish bilinguals,” Phonetica 60, 98– 128. Over the past few decades, the acoustic study of vowel realization has developed into one of the most fruitful areas for the study of multilingualism and language contact ( Guion, 2003 31. These findings suggest that vowels of different languages are likely to share the same phonological space when the speech communities largely overlap, as is the case with Saterland Frisian and Low German, but may resist convergence if at least one language is shared with a larger, monolingual speech community, as is the case with High German.
Monophthongs produced in a /hVt/ frame revealed that High German vowels show the most divergent realizations in terms of vowel duration and formant frequencies, whereas Saterland Frisian and Low German vowels show small differences. The objective of the study was to examine whether the trilingual speakers differ in their acoustic realizations of vowel categories shared by the three languages and whether those differences can be interpreted as effects of either the differences in the vowel systems or of external factors. It offers the unique opportunity to study trilingualism with languages that differ both by their vowel inventories and by external factors, such as their social status and the autonomy of their speech communities. The Saterland is a rural municipality in northwestern Germany. The present study compares the acoustic realization of Saterland Frisian, Low German, and High German vowels by trilingual speakers in the Saterland. 87 Scrolling and Zooming in the Editor Window.
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